Discovery of Facts

  Mountain Range The Himalayas Peaks kie K2 (8,611 m), Kanchenjunga (8,598 m), Lhotse (8,511 m) and Everest (8,848 m) are found in the Himalayas.   What are the world's highest mountains? The world's highest mountains are the Himalayas in Asia to the north of India. The world's ten tallest mountains are found here, including the Mount Everest. It is 8,848 m high. But the other continents too have their high mountain ranges. The Andes are in South America, where there are many peaks over 6,000 m; the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Alps in Europe. What is the period of mountain formation? Mountains are being created all the time-although if takes many millions of years. Most of the world's highest mountains were formed quite recently. The Himalayas have formed within the last 40 million years –and they are growing even today . How do mountains form? Some mountains are created by volcanic eruptions. But most mountains are thrown up by the tremen...

  Earth Crust What lies within the Earth? The Earth gets hotter and hotter. The temperature reaches, 7000 0 C hotter than of the surface of the sun. Thus, just beneath the crust is the layer of half-molten rocks thousands of kilometers deep called the mantle. Within the earth center is the core. The outer core is made of molten iron and nickel. In the inner core, the Pressure is intense, therefore, despite being so hot, it is solid. Can anyone visit the Earth's center? It is not possible. No one has ever managed to drill more than 12 km down. Even at this depth, pleasure, are so great and the rock is so hot and soft that the drill bores close up as fast as they are drilled. What is the composition of the mantle? The mantle is made of rock like the crust. But the most common minerals here are minerals that are rare on the surface, like perovskite and olivine. How do scientists hear the Earth's interior? The vibrations of the earthquakes help us in that. Long aft...

  Displacement What is continental drift?   Continents keep moving slowly all the time. Sometimes, they crunch together. Sometimes, they break in the middle. But they are always drifting like ice floats on water. 1his is called continental drift. At what speed are the continents moving? The speed varies from place to place. For instance, America Is drifting away from Europe at about 2 cm a year the same rate at which a fingernail grows. This might seem slow, but over millions of years, if can take the continents thousands of kilometers away. Why could the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa seem to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw? It was because they were once joined together-along with the other continents – in a giant Super continent which geologists call Pangea. About 200 million years ago, Pangea began to break up, and the fragments drifted apart to form today's Continents. How were the Himalayas formed? The Himalayas formed wh...

  Growth How do you grow ? Our body is composed of millions of cells. They are so small that they can only be seen under a powerful microscope. We grow as these cells divide in two again and again to make new cells. This is called cell multiplication and mostly happens when we are young. We look young because most of our body is made from new cells. Most people live until they are 70 or more. During this time, their body undergoes many changes from growing during childhood to slowly deteriorating in old age. What is puberty? What happens at puberty? Puberty is the time when the body begins to change from a child's to an adult's. A gif begins to grow breasts and her hips become wider. She grows hair around her genitals. Eventually, her monthly periods or menstruation begin. A boy's testes begin to grow and produce sperm. He begins to grow hair on his chin and his voice deepens Body changes We are born with sexual or reproductive organs. These organs enable us to ...

  Nomadic Transition What were the first cities? Some 11,000 years ago, humans living in the ancient Middle East region shifted from nomadic existence towards a settled life. They started farming. They used sheep, wild bores, of etc. as domestic creatures. These were probably the first cities .   Catal Hüyuk, Turkey One of the world's oldest cities is Catal Hüyük in Anatolia. Turkey t is not known how old it is, but some of the remnants date back to 6250 BC. A remarkable fact about the city was that people got into their houses through holes in the flat roof . What's the world's oldest city?   No one knows for certain, but one of the oldest is Jericho in Israel. The ruins of some of the city walls date back overe11,000 years. They were massive stone structures perhaps 7 m fall. There were also many other cities in the Middle East at least 7,000 years ago.   Who built the first roof gardens? They were built during the period of the Sumer civilization...

  Beginners Who were the first farmers? EARLY PEOPLE MOSTLY LIVED in small groups. They moved around hunting animals and gathering food from wild plants. Then, about 12,000 years ago, some people learned to herd animals such as sheep and goats. Others learned to sow seeds. They started growing crops. All these events took place at different times in different parts of the world. The earliest farms were created by the people of the Middle East around 15,000 years ago. But there were farms long ago in China, India and Central America. Ancient Egyptian farmers The development of farms led to the creation of the world's first great civilizations including the Egyptian known for its pyramids. The farms were along the River Nile. Which not only provided water, but brought silt during floods to an area that would otherwise be a desert. What were the first crops? Tre fist crops grown were wheat and barley. One of the oldest known variety of wheat oldest is called emmer. Vegetab...